The Relationship between physical education teachers’ perceived physical literacy and students’ physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy

Azarhazin, Habib Allah; Dehghanizade, Jalal; Ahmadi, Malek

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.376724.1141

The Relationship between physical education teachers’ perceived physical literacy and students’ physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.d Candidate In Motor Behavior, Urmia University

² Associate Professor in Motor Behavior Faculty of sport sciences Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Management Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

³ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

10.22059/sshr.2024.376724.1141

Abstract

Background: Physical education (PE) plays a crucial role in fostering an enjoyment of physical activity (PA) and developing physical literacy in students. This, in turn, contributes to lifelong health and well-being.
Aim: The study explored the association between teachers’ perceived physical literacy, students' enjoyment of PA, and physical literacy. This was done by investigating the mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy in teaching PE.
Materials and Methods: The sample included 40 physical education teachers and 100 students in 7 to 9 grades of secondary education, totaling 140 participants. The teachers completed the Physical Education Teachers' Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI) and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES). In contrast, the students completed the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ).
Results The results from the structural equation modeling confirmed the model's fit and showed that teachers’ perceived physical literacy and self-efficacy have a direct and positive relationship with students' enjoyment of PA and physical literacy. Additionally, teachers' self-efficacy indirectly mediated the relationship between teachers’ perceived physical literacy and students' enjoyment of PA and physical literacy.
Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of teachers' perceived physical literacy in fostering positive student outcomes concerning PA by mediating the role of teaching self-efficacy.

Keywords

References

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[3] Edwards LC, Bryant AS, Keegan RJ, Morgan K, Jones AM. "Definitions, foundations, and associations of physical literacy: A systematic review". Sport Med. 2017; 47: 113-26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7.

[4] Whitehead M. Physical Literacy across the World. Routledge London, UK. 2019. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203702697&type=googlepdf.

[5] Longmuir PE. "Understanding the physical literacy journey of children: The Canadian assessment of physical literacy". ICSSPE Bull Sport Sci Phys Educ. 2013; 65(12.1). doi: https://ojs.acadiau.ca/index.php/phenex/article/view/4111/3663.

[6] Stoddart AL, Humbert ML. "Teachers’ perceptions of physical literacy". Curric J. 2021; 32(4): 741-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.107.

[7] Dashti Rahmat Abadi E. Investigating the Level of Physical Literacy and Its Relationship with Self-Efficacy of Teachers in Different Levels of Yazd. MA thesis, Yazd University. 2021. http://library.yazd.ac.ir/dL/search/default.aspx?Term=16158&Field=0&DTC=114. [in Persian]

[8] Schunk DH, DiBenedetto MK. "Motivation and social cognitive theory". Contemp Educ Psychol. 2020; 60: 101832. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832.

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[10] Hussain MS, Khan SA, Bidar MC. "Self-Efficacy of teachers: A review of the literature". Jamshedpur Res Rev. 2022; 1: 110-6. doi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358368223_SELF-EFFICACY_OF_TEACHERS_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE.

[11] Pearman C, Bowles F, Polka W. "Teacher educator perceptions of characteristics of self-efficacy". Crit Quest Educ. 2021; 12(1): 81-99. doi: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1287249.pdf.

[12] Martin JJ, Kulinna PH. "The development of a physical education teachers’ physical activity self-efficacy instrument". J Teach Phys Educ. 2003; 22(2): 219-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.2.219.

[13] Sum RKW, Wallhead T, Wang FJ, Choi SM, Li MH, Liu Y. "Effects of teachers’ participation in continuing professional development on students’ perceived physical literacy, motivation and enjoyment of physical activity". Rev Psicodidáctica (English Ed). 2022; 27(2): 176-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2022.05.003.

[14] Choi SM, Sum KWR, Leung FLE, Wallhead T, Morgan K, Milton D, et al. "Effect of sport education on students’ perceived physical literacy, motivation, and physical activity levels in university required physical education: a cluster-randomized trial". High Educ. 2021; 81: 1137-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00603-5.

[15] Sum RKW, Morgan K, Ma MMS, Choi SM. "The influence of a customized continuing professional development program on physical education teachers' perceived physical literacy and efficacy beliefs". Prospects. 2021; 50(1): 87-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09471-4.

[16] Nasr Isfahani A, Mohammadzade H. "Provide a paradigmatic pattern of physical literacy development in students". Sport Manag J. 2022; 14(2): 117–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2021.289966.2335. [in Persian]

[17] Biddle SJH, Pearson N, Ross GM, Braithwaite R. "Tracking of sedentary behaviors of young people: A systematic review". Prev Med (Baltim). 2010; 51(5): 345-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.07.018.

[18] Scanlan TK, Carpenter PJ, Lobel M, Simons JP. "Sources of enjoyment for youth sport athletes". Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1993; 5(3): 275-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.3.275.

[19] Shaver P, Schwartz J, Kirson D, O'Connor C. "Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach". J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987; 52(6): 1061. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1987-28161-001.

[20] Parsa mehr M. "Investigating the motivations related to continuous participation in sports activities among physical education students (Case study: physical education students of Yazd University)". J Sport Manag Mot Behav. 2011; 7(13): 93-106. [in Persian]

[21] Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. "Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense cure". Lancet. 2002; 360(9331): 473-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2.

[22] Lee J, Turner JE, Thomson MM. "A structural equation model of pre‐service teachers’ perceptions of future goals and current course‐related motivation". Jpn Psychol Res. 2015; 57(3): 231-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12082.

[23] Sum KWR, Wallhead T, Ha SCA, Sit HPC. "Effects of physical education continuing professional development on teachers’ physical literacy and self-efficacy and students’ learning outcomes". Int J Educ Res. 2018; 88: 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.001.

[24] Scher L, O’Reilly F. "Professional development for K–12 math and science teachers: What do we really know?". J Res Educ Eff. 2009; 2(3): 209-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19345740802641527.

[25] Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Springer. 1999.

[26] Humphries CA, Hebert E, Daigle K, Martin J. "Development of a physical education teaching efficacy scale". Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2012; 16(4): 284-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2012.716726.

[27] Steven S. The Role of Knowledge and Perceived Level of Self-Efficacy on Junior Division Teachers’ Implementation of Physical Literacy in Ontario. MA thesis. Brock university. 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10464/15770.

[28] Robinson DB, Randall L, Barrett J. "Physical literacy (mis) understandings: What do leading physical education teachers know about physical literacy?". J Teach Phys Educ. 2018; 37(3): 288-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0135.

[29] Boomsma A. "Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in LISREL maximum likelihood estimation". Psychometrika. 1985; 50: 229-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294248.

[30] Bentler PM, Chou CP. "Practical issues in structural modeling". Sociol Methods Res. 1987; 16(1): 78-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004.

[31] Sum RKW, Ha ASC, Cheng CF, Chung PK, Yiu KTC, Kuo CC, et al. "Construction and validation of a perceived physical literacy instrument for physical education teachers". PLoS One. 2016; 11(5): e0155610. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155610.

[32] Samadi H, Moradi J, Aghababa A. "Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the perceived physical literacy instrument (PPLI)". Mot Behav. 2023; 14(50): 161-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2022.12765.2033.

[33] Tschannen-Moran M, Hoy AW. "Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct". Teach Teach Educ. 2001; 17(7): 783-805. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1.

[34] Hosseinchari M, Samavi S, Mohammadi M. "A Study on The Psychometric Properties of Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale". Studies in Learning and Instruction. 2011; 2(2).

[35] Moore JB, Yin Z, Hanes J, Duda J, Gutin B, Barbeau P. "Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in children: validation of the physical activity enjoyment scale". J Appl Sport Psychol. 2009; 21(S1): S116-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200802593612.

[36] Mokaberian M, Kashani V, Sedighi Faroji F. "Validation of the Persian version of physical activity enjoyment scale in children". Mot Behav. 2018; 9(30): 17-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2018.3095.1382.

[37] Mohammadzadeh M, Sheikh M, Houminiyan Sharif Abadi D, Bagherzadeh F, Kazemnejad A. "Design and psychometrics evaluation of Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ)". Sport Sci Health. 2022; 18(2): 397-405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00818-8.

[38] Fornell C, Larcker DF. "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error". J Mark Res. 1981; 18(1): 39-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.

[39] Tenenhaus M, Amato S, Esposito Vinzi V. "A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling". Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting. 2004. https://www.sis-statistica.org/old/htdocs/files/pdf/atti/RSBa2004p739-742.pdf.

[40] Schumacker RE. Goodness of Fit Criteria in Structural Equation Models. ERIC.edu.. 1992. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED344926.pdf.

[41] Yıldızer G, Munusturlar S. "Differences in perceived physical literacy between teachers delivering physical education in schools: Classroom teachers vs physical education teachers". Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2022; 27(6): 626-39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1932784.

[42] Mandigo J, Francis N, Lodewyk K, Lopez R. "Physical literacy for educators". Phys Heal Educ J. 2009; 75(3): 27-30. doi: https://aahperd.confex.com/aahperd/2012/webprogram/Handout/Session51357/Physical%20Literacy%20for%20Educators%20-%202009.pdf.

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The Relationship between physical education teachers’ perceived physical literacy and students’ physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy

References

[1] Habyarimana J de D, Tugirumukiza E, Zhou K. "Physical education and sports: A backbone of the entire community in the twenty-first century". Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(12): 7296. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127296.

[3] Edwards LC, Bryant AS, Keegan RJ, Morgan K, Jones AM. "Definitions, foundations, and associations of physical literacy: A systematic review". Sport Med. 2017; 47: 113-26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7.

[4] Whitehead M. Physical Literacy across the World. Routledge London, UK. 2019. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203702697&type=googlepdf.

[5] Longmuir PE. "Understanding the physical literacy journey of children: The Canadian assessment of physical literacy". ICSSPE Bull Sport Sci Phys Educ. 2013; 65(12.1). doi: https://ojs.acadiau.ca/index.php/phenex/article/view/4111/3663.

[6] Stoddart AL, Humbert ML. "Teachers’ perceptions of physical literacy". Curric J. 2021; 32(4): 741-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.107.

[7] Dashti Rahmat Abadi E. Investigating the Level of Physical Literacy and Its Relationship with Self-Efficacy of Teachers in Different Levels of Yazd. MA thesis, Yazd University. 2021. http://library.yazd.ac.ir/dL/search/default.aspx?Term=16158&Field=0&DTC=114. [in Persian]

[8] Schunk DH, DiBenedetto MK. "Motivation and social cognitive theory". Contemp Educ Psychol. 2020; 60: 101832. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832.

[9] Tinning R. Pedagogy and Human Movement: Theory, Practice, Research. Routledge. 2009. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203885499.

[10] Hussain MS, Khan SA, Bidar MC. "Self-Efficacy of teachers: A review of the literature". Jamshedpur Res Rev. 2022; 1: 110-6. doi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358368223_SELF-EFFICACY_OF_TEACHERS_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE.

[11] Pearman C, Bowles F, Polka W. "Teacher educator perceptions of characteristics of self-efficacy". Crit Quest Educ. 2021; 12(1): 81-99. doi: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1287249.pdf.

[12] Martin JJ, Kulinna PH. "The development of a physical education teachers’ physical activity self-efficacy instrument". J Teach Phys Educ. 2003; 22(2): 219-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.2.219.

[15] Sum RKW, Morgan K, Ma MMS, Choi SM. "The influence of a customized continuing professional development program on physical education teachers' perceived physical literacy and efficacy beliefs". Prospects. 2021; 50(1): 87-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09471-4.

[16] Nasr Isfahani A, Mohammadzade H. "Provide a paradigmatic pattern of physical literacy development in students". Sport Manag J. 2022; 14(2): 117–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2021.289966.2335. [in Persian]

[17] Biddle SJH, Pearson N, Ross GM, Braithwaite R. "Tracking of sedentary behaviors of young people: A systematic review". Prev Med (Baltim). 2010; 51(5): 345-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.07.018.

[18] Scanlan TK, Carpenter PJ, Lobel M, Simons JP. "Sources of enjoyment for youth sport athletes". Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1993; 5(3): 275-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.3.275.

[19] Shaver P, Schwartz J, Kirson D, O'Connor C. "Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach". J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987; 52(6): 1061. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1987-28161-001.

[20] Parsa mehr M. "Investigating the motivations related to continuous participation in sports activities among physical education students (Case study: physical education students of Yazd University)". J Sport Manag Mot Behav. 2011; 7(13): 93-106. [in Persian]

[21] Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. "Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense cure". Lancet. 2002; 360(9331): 473-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2.

[22] Lee J, Turner JE, Thomson MM. "A structural equation model of pre‐service teachers’ perceptions of future goals and current course‐related motivation". Jpn Psychol Res. 2015; 57(3): 231-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12082.

[23] Sum KWR, Wallhead T, Ha SCA, Sit HPC. "Effects of physical education continuing professional development on teachers’ physical literacy and self-efficacy and students’ learning outcomes". Int J Educ Res. 2018; 88: 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.001.

[24] Scher L, O’Reilly F. "Professional development for K–12 math and science teachers: What do we really know?". J Res Educ Eff. 2009; 2(3): 209-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19345740802641527.

[25] Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Springer. 1999.

[26] Humphries CA, Hebert E, Daigle K, Martin J. "Development of a physical education teaching efficacy scale". Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2012; 16(4): 284-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2012.716726.

[27] Steven S. The Role of Knowledge and Perceived Level of Self-Efficacy on Junior Division Teachers’ Implementation of Physical Literacy in Ontario. MA thesis. Brock university. 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10464/15770.

[28] Robinson DB, Randall L, Barrett J. "Physical literacy (mis) understandings: What do leading physical education teachers know about physical literacy?". J Teach Phys Educ. 2018; 37(3): 288-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0135.

[29] Boomsma A. "Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in LISREL maximum likelihood estimation". Psychometrika. 1985; 50: 229-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294248.

[30] Bentler PM, Chou CP. "Practical issues in structural modeling". Sociol Methods Res. 1987; 16(1): 78-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004.

[31] Sum RKW, Ha ASC, Cheng CF, Chung PK, Yiu KTC, Kuo CC, et al. "Construction and validation of a perceived physical literacy instrument for physical education teachers". PLoS One. 2016; 11(5): e0155610. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155610.

[32] Samadi H, Moradi J, Aghababa A. "Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the perceived physical literacy instrument (PPLI)". Mot Behav. 2023; 14(50): 161-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2022.12765.2033.

[33] Tschannen-Moran M, Hoy AW. "Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct". Teach Teach Educ. 2001; 17(7): 783-805. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1.

[34] Hosseinchari M, Samavi S, Mohammadi M. "A Study on The Psychometric Properties of Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale". Studies in Learning and Instruction. 2011; 2(2).

[35] Moore JB, Yin Z, Hanes J, Duda J, Gutin B, Barbeau P. "Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in children: validation of the physical activity enjoyment scale". J Appl Sport Psychol. 2009; 21(S1): S116-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200802593612.

[36] Mokaberian M, Kashani V, Sedighi Faroji F. "Validation of the Persian version of physical activity enjoyment scale in children". Mot Behav. 2018; 9(30): 17-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2018.3095.1382.

[37] Mohammadzadeh M, Sheikh M, Houminiyan Sharif Abadi D, Bagherzadeh F, Kazemnejad A. "Design and psychometrics evaluation of Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ)". Sport Sci Health. 2022; 18(2): 397-405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00818-8.

[38] Fornell C, Larcker DF. "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error". J Mark Res. 1981; 18(1): 39-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.

[39] Tenenhaus M, Amato S, Esposito Vinzi V. "A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling". Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting. 2004. https://www.sis-statistica.org/old/htdocs/files/pdf/atti/RSBa2004p739-742.pdf.

[40] Schumacker RE. Goodness of Fit Criteria in Structural Equation Models. ERIC.edu.. 1992. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED344926.pdf.

[41] Yıldızer G, Munusturlar S. "Differences in perceived physical literacy between teachers delivering physical education in schools: Classroom teachers vs physical education teachers". Phys Educ Sport Pedagog. 2022; 27(6): 626-39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1932784.

[42] Mandigo J, Francis N, Lodewyk K, Lopez R. "Physical literacy for educators". Phys Heal Educ J. 2009; 75(3): 27-30. doi: https://aahperd.confex.com/aahperd/2012/webprogram/Handout/Session51357/Physical%20Literacy%20for%20Educators%20-%202009.pdf.

Volume 16, Issue 1January 2024Pages 129-142

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Volume 16, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 129-142