Body composition and lipid profiles, quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge of Pahlavani wrestlers in Kermanshah

Jamshidi, Alireza; Hoseini, Rastegar; Pirani, Hossein; Amiri, Ehsan

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.372766.1125

Body composition and lipid profiles, quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge of Pahlavani wrestlers in Kermanshah

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

² Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Maritime, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran

10.22059/sshr.2024.372766.1125

Abstract

Background: Pahlavani wrestling is one of the ancient sports in Iran. However, very few studies have been conducted on various aspects of it.
Aim: To investigate the body composition, lipid profile, quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge of Pahlavani wrestlers of Kermanshah city.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven adult Pahlavani wrestlers participated in this study. They completed the quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge questionnaires on three consecutive days, and then, on two separate days, their body composition and lipid profile were also measured.
Results: The quality of life, muscle mass percentage, and bone and mineral content were significantly higher than the normal values (P˂0.05). Also, the lipid profile was in a normal state. Conversely, the self-concept, nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, and nutritional practice were significantly lower than the normal values of these variables (P˂0.05). Finally, the BMI was significantly lower than the normal value (P˂0.05) and the fat percentage and visceral fat index were not significantly different (P˃0.05) from their normal values.
Conclusion: The results indicated that Pahlavani wrestlers of Kermanshah are in favorable conditions in many physical and body composition health indicators, which somehow shows the possible positive effects of this sport on different aspects of health. However, Pahlavani wrestlers had a considerably lower self-concept and nutritional knowledge than the normal values.

Keywords

References

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Body composition and lipid profiles, quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge of Pahlavani wrestlers in Kermanshah

References

[1] Yalfani A AH, Raeesi Z. "A study on current situation of Pahlavani and Zurkhane,ei sport in term of statistic information by 1395(2017) in Iran". Strategic Studies On Youth and Sports. 2018; 36: 43-56.

[2] Radu LE PI, Puni AR. "Comparison of anthropometric characteristics between athletes and non-athletes". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 191: 495-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.368.

[3] Casals C, Huertas JR, Franchini E, Sterkowicz-Przybycien K, Sterkowicz S, Gutierrez-Garcia C, et al. "Special judo fitness test level and anthropometric profile of elite Spanish judo athletes". J Strength Cond Res. 2017; 31(5): 1229-35. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001261.

[4] Katralli J, Goudar SS. "Anthropometric profile and special judo fitness levels of Indian judo players". Asian J Sports Med. 2012; 3(2): 113-8. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.34710.

[5] Bongiovanni T, Trecroci A, Cavaggioni L, Rossi A, Perri E, Pasta G, et al. "Importance of anthropometric features to predict physical performance in elite youth soccer: A machine learning approach". Research in Sports Medicine. 2021; 29(3): 213-24. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1809410.

[6] Di Gioia G, Buzzelli L, Maestrini V, Nenna A, Monosilio S, Squeo MR, et al. "Lipid profile in Olympic athletes: Proposal for a "Lipid Athlete Score" as a clinical tool to identify high-risk athletes". J Clin Med. 2023; 12(23). doi: 10.3390/jcm12237449.

[7] American Dietetic A, Dietitians of C, American College of Sports M, Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. "American college of sports medicine position stand. nutrition and athletic performance". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009; 41(3): 709-31. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86.

[8] Janiczak A, Devlin B, Forsyth A, Trakman G. "A systematic review update of athletes' nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake". Br J Nutr. 2021: 1-36. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521004311.

[9] Vázquez-Espino K, Rodas-Font G, Farran-Codina A. "Sport nutrition knowledge, attitudes, sources of information, and dietary habits of sport-team athletes". Nutrients. 2022; 14(7). doi: 10.3390/nu14071345.

[10] Devlin BL, Forsyth A, Janiczak A, Trakman GL. "A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake". British Journal of Nutrition. 2021; 128(6): 1156-69. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521004311.

[11] Raglin JS. "Psychological factors in sport performance: The Mental Health Model revisited". Sports Med. 2001; 31(12): 875-90. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131120-00004.

[13] Klein M, Fröhlich M, Emrich E. "Self-Concept in adolescents-relationship between sport participation, motor performance and personality traits". Sports (Basel). 2017; 5(2). doi: 10.3390/sports5020022.

[14] Wu Q, Tan Y, Sun G, Ding Q. "The relationship between self-concept clarity, athletic identity, athlete engagement and the mediating roles of quality of life and smartphone use in Chinese youth athletes". Heliyon. 2023; 9(10): e21197. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21197.

[15] Singh A, Kaur Arora M, Boruah B. "The role of the six factors model of athletic mental energy in mediating athletes' well-being in competitive sports". Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1): 2974. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53065-5.

[16] Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yucel D, Serdar MA. "Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies". Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021; 31(1): 010502. doi: 10.11613/BM.2021.010502.

[17] Lins L, Carvalho FM. "SF-36 total score as a single measure of health-related quality of life: Scoping review". SAGE Open Medicine. 2016; 4: 2050312116671725. doi: 10.1177/2050312116671725.

[18] Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, Gandek B. "The short form health survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version". Quality of Life Research. 2005; 14(3): 875-82. doi: 10.1007/s11136-004-1014-5.

[19] Beck AT, Steer RA, Epstein N, Brown G. "Beck self-concept test". Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1990; 2(2): 191-7. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.191.

[20] Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Reihani Kivi Sh, MK, Aboutorabi Kasani P. "Comparison of relationship between emotional expression styles and self-concept in male and female students". Journal of Applied Psychology. 2010; 4(1): 40-51.

[21] Parmenter K, Wardle J. "Development of a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire for adults". European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition. 1999; 53(4): 298-308. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600726.

[22] Basami M, Ebrahim KH, Maleki A. "The nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice of male students' athletes in 2014 IR-university games". Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2016; 9(1): 1345-54.

[23] Muflih M, Suwarsi S, Asmarani FL. "Comparison between the QRMA measurement with the Anamnesis and the Capillary Blood Glucose Test". Jurnal Ners. 2020; 14(2): 224-30. doi: 10.20473/jn.v14i2.6154.

[24] Houston MN, Hoch MC, Hoch JM. "Health-related quality of life in athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis". J Athl Train. 2016; 51(6): 442-53. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.7.03.

[25] Malm C, Jakobsson J, Isaksson A. "Physical activity and sports-real health benefits: A review with insight into the public health of Sweden". Sports (Basel). 2019; 7(5). doi: 10.3390/sports7050127.

[26] Nowak PF, Kuśnierz C, Bajkowski D. "Quality of life determinants in professional athletes". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2021; 14: 2221-9. doi: 10.2147/prbm.s336527.

[28] Sunuwar DR, Singh DR, Bohara MP, Shrestha V, Karki K, Pradhan PMS. "Association of nutrition knowledge, practice, supplement use, and nutrient intake with strength performance among Taekwondo players in Nepal". Front Nutr. 2022; 9: 1004288. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1004288.

[29] D'Ascenzi F, Caselli S, Alvino F, Digiacinto B, Lemme E, Piepoli M, et al. "Cardiovascular risk profile in Olympic athletes: An unexpected and underestimated risk scenario". Br J Sports Med. 2019; 53(1): 37-42. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099530.

[30] Yahia N, Brown CA, Rapley M, Chung M. "Level of nutrition knowledge and its association with fat consumption among college students". BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1): 1047. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3728-z.

[31] Walker S, von Bonsdorff M, Cheng S, Häkkinen K, Bondarev D, Heinonen A, et al. "Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls". Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2023; 5. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1295906.

[32] Moon JR. "Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013; 67(1): S54-S9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.165.

[33] Irving BA, Davis CK, Brock DW, Weltman JY, Swift D, Barrett EJ, et al. "Effect of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat and body composition". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(11): 1863-72. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181801d40.

[34] Wang R, Zhang X, Ren H, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Chai Y, et al. "Effects of different exercise types on visceral fat in young individuals with obesity aged 6–24 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Frontiers in Physiology. 2022; 13. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.987804.

[35] Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Stone MH. "The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance". Sports Med. 2016; 46(10): 1419-49. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0.

[36] Kopiczko A, Adamczyk JG, Gryko K, Popowczak M. "Bone mineral density in elite masters athletes: the effect of body composition and long-term exercise". European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 2021; 18(1): 7. doi: 10.1186/s11556-021-00262-0.

[37] Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, et al. "UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis". Archives of Osteoporosis. 2017; 12(1): 43. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0324-5.

Volume 16, Issue 1January 2024Pages 73-83

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Volume 16, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 73-83