The virtual reality aerobic exercise on the anthropometric and psychological indices of overweight female students

Vosadi, Elham; Niazi, Mahnaz; Younesian, Ali; Poursadeghi, Sepideh

doi:10.22059/sshr.2023.343122.1058

The virtual reality aerobic exercise on the anthropometric and psychological indices of overweight female students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Elham Vosadi ¹

Mahnaz Niazi ²

Ali Younesian ¹

Sepideh Poursadeghi ³

¹ Department of Physical and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.

² Department of Physical and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

³ Department of Physical and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/sshr.2023.343122.1058

Abstract

Background: Virtual reality (VR) as a digital technology may affect the physical and mental performance of students.
Aim: The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of VR aerobic exercise on the physiological and psychological indicators of overweight female students.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, a number of 30 overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 27±2) female students (aged 10-13 years), have been classified into three groups of aerobic exercise with VR glasses, aerobic exercise without VR glasses and control. The workout groups performed 8 weeks of aerobic exercise with and without VR glasses at home, during which time the control group did not exercise. Prior to and after the course, the students participated in pre-and post-test, which included body composition tests, waist to hip circumference to measure the anthropometric indices, and Harvard step test to measure aerobic capacity. The sport motivation and physical activity enjoyment scale were employed in order to measure the psychological indices.
Results: The present results have indicated that eight weeks of aerobic exercising with and without VR glasses significantly reduces BMI (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.005, respectively) and Heart Rate Recovery (step test) (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.003, respectively). However, the indices of enjoyment of sports activity (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.004, respectively) and sports motivation (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.001, respectively) were found to meet a sharp increase in both exercise groups.
Conclusion: The present achievements showed that both exercise methods lead to reduced anthropometric and improved psychological indices.

Keywords

anthropometric index

psychological index

virtual reality

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[5] Badesha HS, Bagri G, Nagra A, Nijran K, Singh G, Aiyegbusi OL. “Tackling childhood overweight and obesity after the COVID-19 pandemic”. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2021; 5(10): 687-8. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00204-2.

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[9] Scavarelli A, Arya A, Teather RJ. “Virtual reality and augmented reality in social learning spaces: A literature review”. Virtual Reality. 2021; 25: 257-277. doi: 10.1007/s10055-020-00444-8.

[10] Taher Tolou Del MS, Kamali Tabrizi S, Heydaripour O. “Investigating the educational capabilities of virtual reality technology based on the evaluation of visual perception components”. Iranian Higher Education. 2019; 11(1): 161-99.

[11] Ahir K, Govani K, Gajera R, Shah M. “Application on virtual reality for enhanced education learning, military training and sports”. Augmented Human Research. 2020; 5: 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s41133-019-0025-2.

[12] Banos RM, Escobar P, Cebolla A, Guixeres J, Alvarez Pitti J, Lisón JF, Botella C. “Using virtual reality to distract overweight children from bodily sensations during exercise”. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2016; 19(2): 115-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0283.

[13] Davoodeh S, Sheikh M, Homanian Sharif Abadi D, Bagherzadeh F. “The effect of virtual reality games on the mental health of the girls with normal body mass index and above 30”. J. Psychol. 2020; 18:2265-71.

[14] Roshanpour R, Nikroo MH. “Investigating the impact of virtual reality and gamification on improving physical activities in school”. Research Square. 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-47976/v1.

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[21] van Biljon A, McKune AJ, DuBose KD, Kolanisi U, Semple SJ. “Do short-term exercise interventions improve cardiometabolic risk factors in children”. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 203: 325-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.067 .

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[24] Barsasella D, Liu MF, Malwade S, Galvin CJ, Dhar E, Chang CC, Li YC, Syed-Abdul S. “Effects of virtual reality sessions on the quality of life, happiness, and functional fitness among the older people: A randomized controlled trial from Taiwan”. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2021; 200:105892. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105892.

[25] Ulas K, Semin I. “The biological and motivational effects of aerobic exercise with virtual reality”. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2021; 92(3): 321-6. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1729329.

[26] Li S. The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Equipment on People's Motivation to Exercise. Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente. 2021.

[27] Ijaz K, Ahmadpour N, Wang Y, Calvo RA. “Player experience of needs satisfaction (PENS) in an immersive virtual reality exercise platform describes motivation and enjoyment”. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2020; 36(13): 1195-204. doi: 10.1080/10447318.2020.1726107.

[28] Farrow M, Lutteroth C, Rouse PC, Bilzon JL. “Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training”. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019; 19(6): 719-27. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1542459.

Volume 14, Issue 1
January 2022
Pages 37-46

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Sport Sciences and Health Research

The virtual reality aerobic exercise on the anthropometric and psychological indices of overweight female students

[1] Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carrol MD, Curtin LR, Flegal K. “Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents and adults, 1999-2002”. JAMA. 2004; 288(14): 1728-32. doi:10.1001/jama.291.23.2847.

[2] Livingstone B. “Epidemiology of childhood obesity in Europe”. Eur J Pediatr. 2000; 159(1): 14-34. doi: 10.1007/PL00014363.

[3] Mohammadpour-Ahranjani, B. The epidemiology and prevention of childhood obesity in Tehran, Iran. University of Birmingham. 2011.

[4] Taymoori P, Falhahi A, Esmailnasab N. “Application of the Health Promotion Model in studying physical activity behavior of students in Sanandaj, Iran”. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2011; 9(1): 35-46.

[5] Badesha HS, Bagri G, Nagra A, Nijran K, Singh G, Aiyegbusi OL. “Tackling childhood overweight and obesity after the COVID-19 pandemic”. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2021; 5(10): 687-8. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00204-2.

[6] Zieaei V, Kelishadin R, Ardalan G, Majdzadeh SR, Monazzam MM. “Physical activity in Iranian students Caspian study”. Iran J Pediatr. 2006; 16(2): 157-164.

[7] Moqadam M, Mehdizadeh S, Pakpour V, Heidari Khayat N, Afshinjoo M. “Obesity and its relationship with physical activity among female adolescents in west of Tehran”. Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2013; 3(1): 46-55.

[8] Alborzimanesh M, Kimiagar M, Rashidkhani B, Atefi Sadraini S. “The relation between overweight and obesity with some lifestyle factors in the 3rd-5th grade primary schoolgirls in Tehran City 6th district”. Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2011; 3(22): 75-84.

[9] Scavarelli A, Arya A, Teather RJ. “Virtual reality and augmented reality in social learning spaces: A literature review”. Virtual Reality. 2021; 25: 257-277. doi: 10.1007/s10055-020-00444-8.

[10] Taher Tolou Del MS, Kamali Tabrizi S, Heydaripour O. “Investigating the educational capabilities of virtual reality technology based on the evaluation of visual perception components”. Iranian Higher Education. 2019; 11(1): 161-99.

[11] Ahir K, Govani K, Gajera R, Shah M. “Application on virtual reality for enhanced education learning, military training and sports”. Augmented Human Research. 2020; 5: 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s41133-019-0025-2.

[12] Banos RM, Escobar P, Cebolla A, Guixeres J, Alvarez Pitti J, Lisón JF, Botella C. “Using virtual reality to distract overweight children from bodily sensations during exercise”. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2016; 19(2): 115-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0283.

[13] Davoodeh S, Sheikh M, Homanian Sharif Abadi D, Bagherzadeh F. “The effect of virtual reality games on the mental health of the girls with normal body mass index and above 30”. J. Psychol. 2020; 18:2265-71.

[14] Roshanpour R, Nikroo MH. “Investigating the impact of virtual reality and gamification on improving physical activities in school”. Research Square. 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-47976/v1.

[15] Qian J, McDonough DJ, Gao Z. “The effectiveness of virtual reality exercise on individual’s physiological, psychological and rehabilitative outcomes: a systematic review”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 4133. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114133.

[16] Esmaeili M, Hemayat talab R, Kamkari K. “Validity and reliability of Persian version of Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-6)”. JMLM. 2020; 12(3): 255-270.

[17] Mokaberian M, Kashani V, Sedighi Faroji F. “Validation of the Persian version of physical activity enjoyment scale in children”. Motor Behavior. 2018; 9(30): 17-36. doi: 10.22089/mbj.2018.3095.1382.

[18] Alexander A, Clarke N, Stroud T, Arnn B, Phillips D, Bunn J. “Effects of music tempo on aerobic-based exercise”. Physical Therapy. 2014; 265.

[19] McClure CO, Schofield D. “Running virtual: The effect of virtual reality on exercise”. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2020; 15(4): 861-870. doi: 10.14198/jhse.2020.154.13.

[20] Guixeres J, Saiz J, Alcañiz M, Cebolla i Martí AJ, Escobar P, Baños R, Botella C, Lison JF, Álvarez Pitti J, Cantero L, Lurbe Ferrer E. “Effects of virtual reality during exercise in children”. Journal of Universal Computer Science. 2013; 19(9): 1334-1349.

[21] van Biljon A, McKune AJ, DuBose KD, Kolanisi U, Semple SJ. “Do short-term exercise interventions improve cardiometabolic risk factors in children”. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 203: 325-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.067.

[23] Karageorghis CI, Jones L, Low DC. “Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference”. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2006; 77(2): 240-50. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2006.10599357.

[25] Ulas K, Semin I. “The biological and motivational effects of aerobic exercise with virtual reality”. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2021; 92(3): 321-6. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1729329.

[26] Li S. The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Equipment on People's Motivation to Exercise. Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente. 2021.

[27] Ijaz K, Ahmadpour N, Wang Y, Calvo RA. “Player experience of needs satisfaction (PENS) in an immersive virtual reality exercise platform describes motivation and enjoyment”. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2020; 36(13): 1195-204. doi: 10.1080/10447318.2020.1726107.

[28] Farrow M, Lutteroth C, Rouse PC, Bilzon JL. “Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training”. European Journal of Sport Science. 2019; 19(6): 719-27. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1542459.

Volume 14, Issue 1January 2022Pages 37-46

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[21] van Biljon A, McKune AJ, DuBose KD, Kolanisi U, Semple SJ. “Do short-term exercise interventions improve cardiometabolic risk factors in children”. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 203: 325-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.067 .

Volume 14, Issue 1
January 2022
Pages 37-46