Sport Sciences and Health Research

Sport Sciences and Health Research

The effect of high- intensity interval swimming training on irisin and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal overweight women

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
akram jafari 1
elham shafaghat dehkordi 2
1 islamic azad university shahrekord branch
2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22059/sshr.2023.356643.1079
Abstract
Background: Transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is as a myokine, metabolic regulator and potential therapeutic agent which is known as a potential trait for metabolism and obesity.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval swimming training on circulating irisin and some metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal overweight women.
Materials and Methods: Thirty postmenopausal overweight women (55.73 ± 2.66 years, 26.72±2.33 kg/m2) were randomized into high intensity interval swimming training (n=15; HIIT) and control groups (n=15; CON). HIIT performed 6–10×30 s swimming interspersed by 2 min recovery for an 8-week period completing 24±1 session (average heart rate= 0.89±0.029% HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and body mass index was measured pre- and post-intervention.
Results: In CON, there was not significant change in all measured variables before and after the intervention period. Irisin increased (P<0.01) by 0.64±0.27 mg/ml in HIIT group. Insulin decreased (P<0.01) by 0.96±0.36 mg/dl while the blood lipid profile P= 0.78 cholesterol, P=0.14 TG, P=0.10 HDL, P=0.52 LDL, systolic blood pressure (P= 0.51), dyastolic blood pressure (P= 0.75), and BMI (P= 0.87) were unaltered.
Conclusion: The result of present study showed that high intensity interval swimming trainings is an effectual and time-efficient training way for increasing irisin, and it can lead to compensatory irisin increases in postmenopausal overweight women.
Keywords
high intensity interval training
irisin
menopause
metabolic syndrome

[1] Perakakis N, Perakakis N, Triantafyllou GA, Fernández-Real JM, Huh JY, Park KH, Seufert J. “Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis”. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2017; 13(6): 324-337. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.221.

[2] Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, Rasbach KA, Boström EA, Choi JH, Long JZ, Kajimura S. “A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis”. Nature. 2012; 481(7382): 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777.

[3] Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wolanski P, Zuwala-Jagiello J, Feito Y, Petr M, Kokstejn J, Stastny P, Goliński D. “Effect of HIIT with Tabata Protocol on serum irisin, physical performance, and body composition in men”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103589.

[4] Rashti B, Mehrabani J, Damirchi A, Babaei P. “The influence of concurrent training intensity on serum irisin and abdominal fat in postmenopausal women”. Menopause Review. 2019; 18(3): 166. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2019.90810.

[5] Tibana RA, da Cunha Nascimento D, Frade de Souza NM, De Souza VC, de Sousa Neto IV, Voltarelli FA, Pereira GB, Navalta JW, Prestes J. “Irisin levels are not associated to resistance training-induced alterations in body mass composition in older untrained women with and without obesity”. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2017; 21(3): 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-016-0748-4.

[6] Cosio PL, Crespo-Posadas M, Velarde-Sotres Á, Pelaez M. “Effect of chronic resistance training on circulating Irisin: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5): 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052476.

[7] Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, Schneider BE, Mantzoros CS. “FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise”. Metabolism. 2012; 61(12): 1725-1738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002.

[8] Yu Z, Ruan Q, D’Onofrio G, Greco A. “From sarcopenia to frailty: The pathophysiological basis and potential target molecules of intervention”. Frailty Sarcopenia Onset Dev. Clin. Chall. 2017; 3: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69639.

[9] Ruan Q, Huang Y, Yang L, Ruan J, Gu W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yu Z. “The effects of both age and sex on irisin levels in paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy humans”. Peptides. 2019; 113: 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2019.01.004.

[10] Billat LV. “Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice”. Sports Medicine. 2001; 31(1): 13-31. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131010-00002.

[11] Alahmadi M. “High-intensity interval training and obesity”. J Nov Physiother. 2014; 4(3):  211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7025.1000211.

[12] Kimm SY, Glynn NW, Mcmahon RP, Voorhees CC, Striegel-Moore RH, Daniels SR. “Self-perceived barriers to activity participation among sedentary adolescent girls”. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2006; 38(3): 534. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000189316.71784.dc.

[13] Jung ME, Bourne JE, Little JP. “Where does HIT fit? An examination of the affective response to high-intensity intervals in comparison to continuous moderate-and continuous vigorous-intensity exercise in the exercise intensity-affect continuum”. PloS One. 2014; 9(12): e114541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114541.

[14] Jamali E, Asad MR, Rassouli A. “The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in obese male rats”. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2016; 5(1).

[15] Nordsborg NB, Connolly L, Weihe P, Iuliano E, Krustrup P, Saltin B, Mohr M. “Oxidative capacity and glycogen content increase more in arm than leg muscle in sedentary women after intense training”. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2015; 119(2): 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00101.2015.

[16] Cox KL, Burke V, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB. “A comparison of the effects of swimming and walking on body weight, fat distribution, lipids, glucose, and insulin in older women—the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2”. Metabolism. 2010; 59(11): 1562-1573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2010.02.001.

[17] Connolly LJ, Nordsborg NB, Nyberg M, Weihe P, Krustrup P, Mohr M. “Low-volume high-intensity swim training is superior to high-volume low-intensity training in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose control in inactive middle-aged women”. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2016; 116(10): 1889-1897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3441-8.

[18] Krleža-Jerić K, Lemmens T. “7th revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: good news for the transparency of clinical trials”. Croatian Medical Journal. 2009; 50(2): 105. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.105.

[19] Mohr M, Krustrup P, Nielsen JJ, Nybo L, Rasmussen MK, Juel C, Bangsbo J. “Effect of two different intense training regimens on skeletal muscle ion transport proteins and fatigue development”. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2007; 292(4): R1594-R1602. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00251.2006.

[20] Pescatello LS. “Exercise and hypertension: recent advances in exercise prescription”. Current Hypertension Reports. 2005; 7(4): 281-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-005-0026-z.

[21] Askari H, Rajani SF, Poorebrahim M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Abdollahi M. “A glance at the therapeutic potential of irisin against diseases involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis: an introductory review”. Pharmacological Research. 2018; 129: 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.012.

[22] Panati K, Suneetha Y, Narala V. “Irisin/FNDC5–An updated review”. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016; 20(4): 689-697.

[23] Zhang Y, Xie C, Wang H, Foss RM, Clare M, George EV, Li S, Katz A, Cheng H, Ding Y, Tang D. “Irisin exerts dual effects on browning and adipogenesis of human white adipocytes”. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2016.

[24] Shirvani H, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S. “Irisin interaction with adipose tissue secretions by exercise training and flaxseed oil supplement”. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2019; 18(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-0960-4.

[25] Zhao J, Su Z, Qu C, Dong Y. “Effects of 12 weeks resistance training on serum irisin in older male adults”. Frontiers in Physiology. 2017; 8: 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00171.

[26] Da Silva MAR, Baptista LC, Neves RS, de França E, Loureiro H, Lira FS, Caperuto EC, Veríssimo MT, Martins RA. “The effects of concurrent training combining both resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training on metabolic syndrome”. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020; 11: 572. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00572.

[27] Durstine JL, Grandjean PW, Davis PG, Ferguson MA, Alderson NL, DuBose KD. “Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise”. Sports Medicine. 2001; 31(15): 1033-1062. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131150-00002.

[28] Su L, Fu J, Sun S, Zhao G, Cheng W, Dou C. “Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis”. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): e0210644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210644.

[29] Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, Buchner D, Ettinger W, Heath GW, King AC, Kriska A. “Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine”. Jama. 1995; 273(5): 402-407. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520290054029.

Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume 14, Issue 2
July 2022
Pages 213-222