Sport Sciences and Health Research

Sport Sciences and Health Research

The Effect of Virtual Reality Exercises on Balance and Strength of Selected Lower Limb Muscles in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Majid Nikravesh 1
Mohammad Karimizadeh 2
Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi 2
milad sabzi 3
1 Master's student in adapted physical education , Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate professor in Department of biomechanic & Sport Injuries , Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Master of adapted physical education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.22059/sshr.2025.394857.1191
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent developmental disorder in children, often linked to balance impairments and muscle strength deficits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of six weeks of virtual reality (VR) exercises on static balance, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle strength in 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD. In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, 30 boys with ADHD from pediatric psychiatry clinics in Tehran were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed VR exercises using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus console for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each lasting 25–30 minutes. Static balance was measured with the Modified Stork Test, dynamic balance with the Y-Balance Test, and muscle strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, dorsiflexors, plantar flexors) with a handheld dynamometer. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA (p
Keywords
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Virtual Reality
Static Balance
Dynamic Balance
Muscle Strength
Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume 18, Issue 1
January 2026
Pages 33-43