University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219The Comparison of Dynamic and Static Footprint Parameters in Overweight Childrenمقایسة پارامترهای نقش پا در حالت استاتیک و دینامیک در کودکان دچار اضافه وزن5183005610.22059/jsmed.2013.30056ENAmirhosienBarati0000-0002-9952-5557RezaAzimiHosienNabavi NikMihsenAli Darchini MaraghehJournal Article19700101Foot structure like other features of human body is various among different age groups and any changes in foot structure influence the function of other joint. Hence, many researchers are trying to prove the relationship between foot role and its pathology. The present study tried to compare footprint parameters (footprint angle, Staheli’s index, Chippaux – Smirak index and arch index) in the static and dynamic positions in overweight children. In this quasi-experimental study, 12 male overweight children (age range 10-12) were randomly selected. To measure the footprint parameters in two positions of static and dynamic, an ink - paper system was used. Then, ImageJ software was used to measure footprint angle, Staheli’s index, Chippaux – Smirak index and arch index. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and the independent t test was used to compare the parameters. The findings showed no significant difference among angular parameters (P>0.05), but a significant difference in linear parameter between the static and dynamic positions (P<0.05). According to the results, the position of subject is an important factor in the obtained results. So this parameter should be considered when examining these parameters.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30056_08ecb8854d65ca9fe0798aab47d62061.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219Incidence of Acute Injuires of Iranian Professional Dragon Boat Female Athletesشیوع آسیب های حاد در ورزشکاران دراگون بوت زن حرفه ای ایران19303005710.22059/jsmed.2013.30057ENEfatBambaechiKimiyaMahdaviyaniAli BagherNazariyanJournal Article19700101هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان شیوع آسیب های حاد ورزشکاران حرفه ای دراگون بوت زن ایران بود. با استفاده از برگة گزارش آسیب، اطلاعات مربوط به شیوع، علل، زمان بروز و نوع آسیب 50 نفر از قایقرانان زن حرف ای ایران (میانگین ± انحراف معیار؛ سن 9/2 ± 6/22 سال، قد 160 سانتی متر و وزن 9/5 ± 58 کیلوگرم) براساس مواد شرکت کننده و محل نشستن پاروزنان در قایق مربوطه جمع آوری شد. از آزمون کای اسکور برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گرفتگی عضلانی شایع ترین آسیب ها و کمترین آنها مربوط به دررفتگی و متورم شدن کیسه های زلالی بود (هر کدام 8/0 درصد) و تفاوت بین آنها از لحاظ آماری معنادار بود (05/0 P<، 19/266 = X2). در مورد علل آسیب های رخ داده، پیش تمرینی (8/18 درصد) و گرم نکردن (96/11 درصد) مهم ترین علل آسیب دیدگی قبل از تمرین و مسابقه بودند و این تفاوت در بین آنها معنادار بود (05/0 P<، 84/66 = X2). تفاوت معناداری بین محل آسیب های رخ داده درورزشکاران رشتة دراگون بوت مشاهده شد، به طوری که ناحیة کمری ستون فقرات و انگشتان و شانه به ترتیب شایعترین نواحی آسیب دیده بودند (05/0 P<، 93/123 = X2). در مورد زمان بروز آسیب، نتایج نشان داد که میزان شیوع آسیب در زمان تمرین بسیار بیشتر از آسیب های رخ داده هنگام مسابقه بوده و تفاوت بین آنها معنادار بود (107 در برابر 9 مورد)، (05/0 P<، 79/82 = X2). تفاوت معناداری در میزان آسیب های ثبت شده در بین مواد مختلف مسابقات مشاهده شد، به طوری که ورزشکاران مواد 1000 و 2000 متر دارای بیشترین میزان آسیب بودند (35 و 32 مورد) و تفاوت بین مواد مختلف دراگون بوت معنادار بود (05/0 P<، 14/31 = x2). در مورد میزان شیوع آسیب ورزشکاران در نقاط مختلف قایق تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد و چهار صندلی وسط و سه صندلی جلو شایع ترین محل های بروز آسیب در قایق بودند (05/0 P<، 43/23 = X2). نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بیشتر افراد آسیب دیده بعد از آسیب دیدگی و بدون استراحت به ادامة فعالیت پرداختند و بین آنها تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد (63/54 درصد)، (05/0 P<، 45/105 =X2). به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که گرفتگی عضلانی شایع ترین آسیب بوده و بیشتر آسیب ها در حین تمرین و ناشی از پرتمرینی بوده است. بنابراین مربیان و دست اندرکاران تیم ها می بایست به نوع تمرینات و مدت آنها توجه بیشتری داشته باشند تا بتوانند شیوع آسیب ها را کاهش دهند.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30057_c99c55f88d2f66ed50c3befa67611476.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219The Effects of a Selective Corrective Program on the Scapula and Shoulder Joint Posture in Girls with Rounded Shoulderتأثیر یک برنامه تمرینی اصلاحی منتخب بر وضعیت قرارگیری استخوان کتف و مفصل شانه در دختران مبتلا به ناهنجاری شانه گرد31473005810.22059/jsmed.2013.30058ENMahtabNajafiNaserBehpoorJournal Article19700101The scapula influences shoulder performance. In fact, scapula posture has a direct relationship with scapula stability and muscular power. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a training program on rounded shoulder abnormality (RS) and scapula posture in female students. A posture grid was used to select the girls with rounded shoulders (RS); 20 students with RS (10.78±0.7 years, 143.7±5.37 cm, 34.5±4.93 Kg) were randomly selected and completed the consent form. Rounded shoulder was measured by double square and inter-scapula distance by Vernier caliper. According to shoulder posture (the shoulder distance from the wall), subjects were divided into two control and experimental groups. To determine the strength of scapula stabilizers, lateral scapular test (LSST) was used. Experimental subjects performed the treatment protocol including stretch-strength training for six weeks, three days a week. Data analysis showed that rounded shoulder significantly decreased by 12% (p= 0.008) in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference in the control group (p=0.462). Inter-scapula distance in the experimental group significantly decreased by 9% (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference in the control group (p=0.177). The result of symmetry of scapula bones in zero and 45 degree angles in the experimental group was significant (p=0.028). The results showed that the selected corrective exercises improved rounded shoulder posture, distance and symmetry of scapula bones (the increase of strength of scapula stabilizers) of girls aged between 10 and 12 with RS.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30058_c5ef4cc191632a79209e00a55935dbd1.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219The Effect of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Athletes on Electromyographic Activity Ratio of Patellar Stability Muscles during Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contractionتأثیر سندروم درد پاتلوفمورال ورزشکاران بر نسبت فعالیت الکترومیوگرافی عضلات ثباتی کشکک حین حداکثر انقباض ارادی ایزومتریک49623005910.22059/jsmed.2013.30059ENFarhadRezazadehHoomanMinoonejad0000-0002-5983-8102ShirinAalieAidinValizadehJournal Article19700101Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common condition athletes suffer from. One of the predictive factors of this syndrome is reduced activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) to vastus lateralis (VL). The aim of this descriptive study was to compare the electromyographic activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique to vastus lateralis during maximum voluntary isometric contraction of quadratus femoris on Biodex between athletes with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. For this purpose, 16 national team male athletes (volleyball, handball and taekwondo) with patellofemoral pain syndrome aged between 18 and 30 and 16 healthy male athletes voluntarily participated in this study. EMG activity of VMO and VL muscles were recorded by surface electrodes and telemetric EMG system on Biodex at 15, 30 and 45 degrees of knee flexion and VMO: VL EMG activity ratio was calculated. To compare muscle activity ratio between the two groups, t test was used. The results showed no significant difference in the electrical activity of VMO and VL muscles in knee flexion angles between athletes with and without patellofemorl pain syndrome (P>0.05). The EMG ratio of VMO:VL was higher than 1 in both groups, but this ratio was higher in healthy athletes. Finally, it seems that sporting activities as a preventive factor impede disturbance of electrical activity of VMO that prevent reduction of VMO: VL ratio.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30059_afe1b0f5cb1724451a63e2d8e47c2579.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219The Effect of Core Stability Training on Y Balance Test Components in Indoor Soccer Playersاثر یک دوره تمرین های پایداری ناحیه مرکزی بدن بر مؤلفه های آزمون تعادلی Yدر بازیکنان فوتسال63863006010.22059/jsmed.2013.30060ENEbrahimMohammad Ali NasabMansourSahebozamani0000-0002-1368-8505Journal Article19700101The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of core stability training on the Y balance test components in indoor soccer players of Mazandaran University. 24 subjects (age 22.67 yr, weight 70.12 kg, height 1.75 m and BMI 22.70) from Mazandaran University were voluntarily participated and randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control(n=12) groups. At the onset of the study, the dynamic balance was measured by Y balance test and core stability by some field core stability tests. Experimental group performed the core stability protocol three days per week for six weeks while control group did not perform any training. At the end of the protocol, dynamic balance and core stability were measured again. Independent t test was used to analyze data. The results of Y balance test showed a significant difference in anterior and posterior-interior and no significant difference in posterior-exterior components between the two groups. In addition, significant differences were observed in scores of Sorensen test, trunk flexion, right bridge and hip abduction between the two groups. It can be concluded that core stability training can improve interior and posterior-interior components of Y balance test through strengthening core stability indexes and more training should be applied in posterior-exterior components.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30060_6c4d07aaa247774474f861ec30a8fb9f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02054220130219The Comparsion of the Electromyography of Leg Muscles and Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Forces during Single Leg Drop Landing between Men with Genu Varum Deformity and Normal Kneeمقایسه الکترومایوگرافی عضلات ساق پا و حداکثر نیروهای عمودی عکس العمل زمین در حرکت فرود تک پای مردان دارای زانوی پرانتزی و نرمال871063006110.22059/jsmed.2013.30061ENMohammadrezaMahakiSeyedsadredinShojaedinRaghadMemarMehdiKhaleghi NazjiJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to compare the electromyography of leg muscles and the peak vertical ground reaction forces during single leg drop landing of men with genu varum deformity and normal knee. 26 physical education male students participated in this research, including 13 subjects with genu varum and 13 with normal knee. Electromyographic activity of some leg muscles along with the data of ground reaction forces were measured. Genu varum deformity was measured and recorded by a caliper. Subjects performed single-leg landing from 30cm height onto a force platform. Landing motions were divided into two phases: 100 ms preceding ground contact and 100 ms after ground contact (absorption phase). Independent t test was administered for the statistical analysis of data using SPSS software 16 (P?0.05). The results showed no significant difference in the activity of the soleus, medial gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles during pre-landing phase ((P?0.76), (P?0.09) and (P?0.77) respectively). No significant difference was found in the activity of soleus and anterior tibialis muscles during absorption phase ((P?0.68) and (P?0.92) respectively). However, the activity of medial gastrocnemius was significantly different between the groups (P?0.04). No significant difference was found in the peak vertical ground reaction force during metatarsal contact (P?0.22). However, the peak vertical ground reaction forces in calcaneus contact (P? 0.003) between the groups were significantly different. The results showed that subjects with genu varum had lower activity in medial gastrocnemius muscle during the absorption phase of landing which may insert bigger forces into their lower extremity in comparison with normal subjects; in long-term, this may result in injury and occurrence of articular degenerative diseases.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_30061_c7581fdedeaa748b4089cdd7f46da67a.pdf