University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101Comparison of Static and Dynamic Balance in Different Athletesمقایسۀ تعادل ایستا و پویا در ورزشکاران رشتههای مختلف52224142ENAliasgharNorastehHamidMohebbiSarehShah HeidariJournal Article19700101Balance is a key component of motor skills ranging from maintaining posture to
executing complex sport skills. The aim of this study was to compare static and
dynamic balance in athletes of gymnastic, soccer, basketball, swimming and nonathletes.
40 female athletes with five years of athletic experience ( gymnasts: n=10,
age 14.50±0.31 years, height 155.20±7.75 cm, mass 49.70±3.91 kg, soccer players:
n=10, age 22.80±1.45 years, height 160.60±5.12cm, mass 52.95±4.87kg,
basketball players: n=10, age 21.60±1.07 years, height 165.5± 6.75 cm, mass
57.43±6.27 kg), swimmers: n=10, age 23.30±1.63 years, height 163.5±5.46 cm, mass
55.50±4.42 kg) and 10 female non-athletes (n = 10, age 23.70±0.94 years, height
161.40±3.27 cm, mass 54.60±3.54 kg and without athletic experience) participated in
this study. Static balance was assessed using the balance error scoring system
(BESS) and dynamic balance was assessed using the star excursion balance test
(SEBT). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test (p?0.05). BESS error scores for the
gymnastics group were significantly lower than the swimming group and nonathlete
group. These scores in the soccer group were lower than swimming group
(p?0.05). Star excursion balance test scores were higher in the gymnastics group
than the basketball group and non-athlete group and in the soccer group than nonathlete
group (p?0.05). It was observed that swimmers enjoyed lower static
balance and basketball players enjoyed lower dynamic balance; this may be a
strong predictor of future ankle sprains. Therefore, athletic trainers and coaches
are advised to perform regular screening programs using balance test of BESS and
SEBT, and to assess the athletes’ balance so that they can recognize those with
poor balance.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24142_f954a3c68f162beb4bd3c4eeb7c2ac38.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Effect of Concurrent Plantar Flexor Stretching and VMO Strengthening in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndromeاثر تمرینات همزمان کششی عضلات پلانتار فلکسور و قدرتی عضلۀ پهن مایل داخلی بر بیماران مبتلا به سندرم درد کشککی رانی233424143ENKhKhayam BashiMehdiA’raabSohilSatariZinabMohammad KhaniJournal Article19700101Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the anatomical abnormalities
and one of the most common knee problems, which causes anterior knee pain.
Vastus medialis oblique (VMO) weakness and contracture of plantar flexors are
among the most important factors to cause this syndrome. The purpose of the
present study was to investigate the effect of concurrent planter flexor stretching
and VMO strengthening in females with PFPS. 30 females (age 38.4±3.48 years,
weight 70.5±2.89 kg) with PFPS participated in this study. Participants were
randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Experimental group
received common medical treatment in addition to eight weeks of concurrent
plantar flexor stretching and VMO strengthening exercises, while control group
received only common medical treatment. The WOMAC questionnaire was
administered to assess pain, physical dysfunction and stiffness. Also, range of
motion of dorsiflexion, knee extension and Q angle were measured before and after
the treatment. ANOVA with repeated measures was administered to analyze the
data (P<0.05). The results after eight weeks of treatment showed a significant
decrease in WOMAC score in both groups (compared to pretest) while the
experimental group showed greater improvement. In the experimental group,
range of motion of dorsiflexion increased significantly after eight weeks (P<0.05)
(compared to pretest and control group). Also, Q angle decreased significantly in
both groups (compared to pretest). Range of motion of knee extension increased
significantly in both groups (compared to pretest) while experimental group gained
more range of motion than control group. It can be concluded that concurrent
planter flexor stretching and VMO strengthening may increase the efficiency of
treatment of patients with PFPS.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24143_f5659974c0fa990bebf585ee543472f5.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Effect of Quadriceps Fatigue on Dynamic Balance While Walkingتأثیر خستگی عضلۀ چهارسر ران بر تعادل پویا هنگام راه رفتن354924144ENKhKhayam BashiMihsenRazeghiAramAbolghasemnejadHosienMojtahediJournal Article19700101Control of posture means to maintain limbs and body parts biomechanically
which exists in static and dynamic forms. Dynamic posture is a condition in which
body and its parts move during walking or running. Fatigue is one of the factors
that influence posture control. Muscle fatigue can disturb sensory information
received by brain and cause balance disorder. The purpose of the present
investigation was to study the effect of quadriceps fatigue on dynamic balance
control during walking. 30 volleyball players (15 males, 15 females, age
22.46+4.12 years, height 198.5+5.9cm, weight 60.2+9.7kg) participated in this
study. Digital dynamometer was used to induce isometric quadriceps fatigue.
Force platform was used to measure balance, displacement alteration, and the
velocity of center of pressure as the balance parameters before and after the
fatigue. ANOVA was administered to analyze the data (P<0.05). The results of this
study showed that although the displacement of center of pressure in the frontal
and sagittal planes increased after the fatigue, this difference was not statistically
significant compared with pretest (P>0.05). After fatigue, the alteration of velocity
of center of pressure decreased in frontal plane while it increased in sagittal plane,
but the differences were not statistically significant (P<0.05). It can be concluded
that no significant relationship existed between quadriceps fatigue with
displacement alteration and velocity of center of pressure in frontal and sagittal
planes; thus, quadriceps fatigue did not affect dynamic balance during walking.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24144_a31a70c7b8a433ef7c5c3ed1752aeb3e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Effect of Selected Combined Training on Strength,Balance and Life Quality of Multiple Sclerosis Patientsتأثیر یک دوره تمرین ترکیبی منتخب بر قدرت، تعادل و کیفیت زندگی بیماران MS516424145ENM.RKordiLilaAnoushehSaraKhodadadehNikoKhosraviBahramSanglajiJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected combined training
on strength, balance and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. 45
patients from Iran MS Association were voluntarily selected as the statistical
population. 38 volunteers participated in this study and randomly divided into
control (mean+SD: age 31.631+6.001 yrs, weight 62.684+12.194 kg, height
165.115+7.587cm) (n=19) and experimental (mean+SD: age 32.500+6.031 yrs,
weight 64.527+9.915 kg, height 165.055+8.557cm) (n = 19). Experimental group
performed a progressive combined exercise including stretching, aerobic exercises,
resistance and balance training for 24 sessions during 8 weeks. The control group
did not perform any training. Strength, balance and quality of life were measured
by one repetition maximum (1RM), Berg Balance Scores (BBS) and Multiple
Sclerosis Quality of Life – 54 questionnaire (MSQOL – 54) respectively one week
before and after the training (P=0.05). t test results showed that strength and
balance increased significantly after the training program in the experimental
group (P< 0.05). Also, eight weeks of combined training improved quality of life,
but this improvement was not significant (P>0.05). It is suggest that combined
training can be beneficial to MS patients.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24145_db23411f488146a2fd1811c9f6e6b88e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Validity of an Innovative Image Processing Method to Measure Q Angle in Supine Positionروایی روش ابداعی پردازش تصویر در اندازه گیری زاویه Q در حالت درازکش819624146ENMohammadRahimi0000-0003-3810-8626NaserMahrshadJournal Article19700101Q angle variation has been reported as the most important factor in patellafemoral
pain syndrome in many researches. The purpose of this study was to
design and determine the validity of a new Q angle measurement method in supine
position. This method calculated the Q angle by processing those images captured
from lower extremity. For this purpose, 18 subjects (age23.55±2.24 years, weight
73.00±10/47 kg, and height 175.77±8.28 cm) were selected to participate in this
study. The innovative image processing and CT scan methods were used to
calculated the Q angle in supine position. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was
used to estimate the correlation between these two methods. The results indicated a
significant relationship (P=0.001) between Q angles obtained by innovative image
processing method and CT scan method (r=0.92). Based on these findings, the
innovative image processing method had a high correlation with CT scan method
in Q angle measurement in supine position. It can be concluded that the innovative
image processing method can be used as a method with high accuracy along with
other methods to measure Q angle.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24146_a7e11ab507ff0317fc27b5ca9c57610d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Study of Static and Dynamic Balance in Mentally Retarded Female Students with and without Down Syndrome (DS)بررسی تعادل ایستا و پویا در عقبماندگان ذهنی با و بدون سندروم داون9711324147ENPegahRahmaniHosienShahrokhiJournal Article19700101Down syndrome is most common genetic disorder with mild to moderate mental
retardation and also a prevalence of 1 per 800-1000 births. The aim of this study
was to assess static and dynamic balance in female students with and without
Down syndrome and the relationship between balance with IQ and age. 30
mentally retarded students with Down syndrome (age 13.96±1.77 years, height
135.40±8.19cm, weight 42.86±9.21 kg, IQ 59.12±3.73) and 30 mentally retarded
students without Down syndrome (age 14.30±1.96 years, height 136.30±8.07 cm,
weight 41.46±8.67 kg, IQ 61.73±5.02) were selected randomly to participate in this
study. Demographic data, height, weight and medical records of Down syndrome
were collected from medical files. Modified single balance test to evaluate static
balance and heel-to-toe test to evaluate dynamic balance were used. The result
showed a significant difference between static and dynamic balance in two groups
(p?0.05). Also, a significant relationship was observed between dynamic and static
balance with IQ and age in girls with Down syndrome (P?0.05). People with Down
syndrome have lower levels of kinetic growth in comparison with normal subjects
and the mentally retarded people without Down syndrome and this fact causes
weakness in their balance. Due to the weakness of balance in people with Down
syndrome and also the importance of balance in daily activities and sport skills, it
seems essential to design and perform physical programs to improve their balance.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24147_9db25c7fbe32f5b115640b0eea1bd25f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Comparison of Iliotibial Band Length and Q Angle in Athletes with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndromeمقایسۀ طول ایلیوتیبیال باند و زاویۀ Q در ورزشکاران با و بدون سندروم درد کشککی رانی11513124148ENSeyede LeilaMousaviAliasgharNorastehJournal Article19700101Patellofemoral pain syndrome accounts for 25%-40% of all knee problems
observed in sport medical centers. The purpose of this study was to compare
muscle flexibility of lower extremity in athletes with and without patellofemoral
pain syndrome. Subject included 30 athletes: 15 female athletes with
patellofemoral pain (age 24.20±4.11 years, mass 58.86±1.20 kg, height
165.59±7.43 cm) and 15 female healthy athletes (age 24.01±3.10 years, mass
59.21±1.09 kg, height 165.90±6.80 cm). The length of hamstring, gastrocnemius
and soleus muscles was measured by an electrogoniometer; Q angle and iliotibial
band length were measured by a universal goniometer. Data were analyzed by
independent t test. The results showed that Q angle significantly increased and
length of the iliotibial band decreased in athletes with patellofemoral pain
compared to healthy control subjects. It is suggested that these variables are
assessed more deeply and training programs are recommended by coaches and
sport physicianshttps://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24148_b328dcbf530cf51131df60cbef97569f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02052220110101The Effect of the Fatigue in Lower Extremity Proximal and Distal Muscles on Dynamic Balance in Male Soccer Playersاثر خستگی عضلات پروگزیمال و دیستال اندام تحتانی بر تعادل پویا در فوتبالیست های مرد658024149ENSadredinShojadinKamranJohariHeidarSadaghi0000-0001-6563-9882Journal Article19700101Regarding the relationship between muscle fatigue resulted from sport activities and
dynamic balance, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of proximal and
distal muscle fatigue of lower extremity on dynamic balance of male soccer players. 20
male physical education students (the mean and standard deviation of age: 20.24?0.73
yrs, height 170.27?4.28 cm, weight 67.38?9.24 kg and body mass index (BMI)
23.22?2.02 kg/m2, without any lower extremity injury or orthopedic problem) from
Tehran Tarbiat Moallem University who participated three times per week in the
exercise program of the university soccer team voluntarily participated in this study. In
order to estimate the participants’ dynamic balance, after a short warm-up (5-10 minutes
of stretching and slow running), (SEBT) balance test was applied. Dynamometer
Isokinetic Biodex System was used to execute proximal and distal muscle fatigue in lower
extremity. Each subject participated in four muscle fatigue sessions. The fatigue program
was randomly executed with respect to location and plane motion to one of the muscle
groups of plantar/dorsiflexors and evertor/inventors of ankle joint and flexor/extensors
and abductor/adductors of hip joint. Repeated contractions until reaching 50% of
primary maximum torque with an interval of 72 hours and in the same situation as far as
possible were performed. After fatigue program, SEBT posttest was applied. Descriptive
statistics, correlated t test and analysis of variance (repeated measures) were used for
statistical analysis (P?0.05). The results showed that the isokinetic fatigue of proximal
and distal muscles of lower extremity significantly decreased accessible distance in SEBT
test. Furthermore, fatigue in the muscles of hip joints significantly decreased accessible
distance compared to the muscles of ankle joints. It can be concluded that the fatigue of
proximal muscles in lower extremity was more effective in the dynamic balance of soccer
players compared to the distal muscles.https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_24149_801fe4784d7ca90290acd70c8684370b.pdf